CSS Transitions
CSS transitions allows you
to change property values smoothly, over a given duration.
Mouse
over the element below to see a CSS transition effect:
CSS
In this chapter you will
learn about the following properties:
- transition
- transition-delay
- transition-duration
- transition-property
- transition-timing-function
Browser Support for Transitions
The numbers in the table
specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.
|
Property |
|||||
|
transition |
26.0 |
10.0 |
16.0 |
6.1 |
12.1 |
|
transition-delay |
26.0 |
10.0 |
16.0 |
6.1 |
12.1 |
|
transition-duration |
26.0 |
10.0 |
16.0 |
6.1 |
12.1 |
|
transition-property |
26.0 |
10.0 |
16.0 |
6.1 |
12.1 |
|
transition-timing-function |
26.0 |
10.0 |
16.0 |
6.1 |
12.1 |
How to Use CSS Transitions?
To create a transition
effect, you must specify two things:
- the
CSS property you want to add an effect to
- the
duration of the effect
Note: If
the duration part is not specified, the transition will have no effect, because
the default value is 0.
The following example shows
a 100px * 100px red <div> element. The <div> element has also
specified a transition effect for the width property, with a duration of 2
seconds:
Example
div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: red;
transition: width 2s;
}
The transition effect will
start when the specified CSS property (width) changes value.
Now, let us specify a new
value for the width property when a user mouses over the <div> element:
Example
div:hover {
width: 300px;
}
Notice that when the cursor
mouses out of the element, it will gradually change back to its original style.
Change Several Property Values
The following example adds
a transition effect for both the width and height property, with a duration of
2 seconds for the width and 4 seconds for the height:
Example
div {
transition: width 2s, height 4s;
}
Specify the Speed Curve of the Transition
The transition-timing-function property specifies
the speed curve of the transition effect.
The
transition-timing-function property can have the following values:
- ease - specifies a transition
effect with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default)
- linear - specifies a transition
effect with the same speed from start to end
- ease-in - specifies a transition
effect with a slow start
- ease-out - specifies a transition
effect with a slow end
- ease-in-out - specifies a transition
effect with a slow start and end
- cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) - lets you
define your own values in a cubic-bezier function
The following example shows
some of the different speed curves that can be used:
Example
#div1 {transition-timing-function: linear;}
#div2 {transition-timing-function: ease;}
#div3 {transition-timing-function: ease-in;}
#div4 {transition-timing-function: ease-out;}
#div5 {transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}
Delay the Transition Effect
The transition-delay property specifies a delay (in seconds)
for the transition effect.
The following example has a
1 second delay before starting:
Example
div {
transition-delay: 1s;
}
Transition + Transformation
The following example adds
a transition effect to the transformation:
Example
div {
transition: width 2s, height 2s, transform 2s;
}
More Transition Examples
The CSS transition
properties can be specified one by one, like this:
Example
div {
transition-property: width;
transition-duration: 2s;
transition-timing-function: linear;
transition-delay: 1s;
}
or by using the shorthand
property transition:
Example
div {
transition: width 2s linear 1s;
}
CSS Transition Properties
The following table lists
all the CSS transition properties:
|
Property |
Description |
|
transition |
A shorthand property for
setting the four transition properties into a single property |
|
transition-delay |
Specifies a delay (in
seconds) for the transition effect |
|
transition-duration |
Specifies how many
seconds or milliseconds a transition effect takes to complete |
|
transition-property |
Specifies the name of the
CSS property the transition effect is for |
|
transition-timing-function |
Specifies the speed curve
of the transition effect |
