HTML Layout Elements and Techniques

Websites often display content in multiple columns (like a magazine or a newspaper).

HTML Layout Elements

HTML has several semantic elements that define the different parts of a web page:

<header> - Defines a header for a document or a section <nav> - Defines a set of navigation links <section> - Defines a section in a document <article> - Defines an independent, self-contained content <aside> - Defines content aside from the content (like a sidebar) <footer> - Defines a footer for a document or a section <details> - Defines additional details that the user can open and close on demand <summary> - Defines a heading for the <details> element

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HTML Layout Techniques

There are four different techniques to create multicolumn layouts. Each technique has its pros and cons:

• CSS framework
• CSS float property
• CSS flexbox
• CSS grid

 

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HTML <kbd> For Keyboard Input

The HTML <kbd> element is used to define keyboard input. The content inside is displayed in the browser's default monospace font.

Example

Define some text as keyboard input in a document:

<p>Save the document by pressing <kbd>Ctrl + S</kbd></p>

Result:

Save the document by pressing Ctrl + S

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HTML <samp> For Program Output

The HTML <samp> element is used to define sample output from a computer program. The content inside is displayed in the browser's default monospace font.

Example

Define some text as sample output from a computer program in a document:

<p>Message from my computer:</p>
<p><samp>File not found.<br>Press F1 to continue</samp></p>

Result:

Message from my computer:

File not found.
Press F1 to continue

 

HTML <code> For Computer Code

The HTML <code> element  is used to define a piece of computer code. The content inside is displayed in the browser's default monospace font.

Example

Define some text as computer code in a document:

<code>
x = 5;
y = 6;
z = x + y;
</code>

Result:

x = 5; y = 6; z = x + y;

Notice that the <code> element does not preserve extra whitespace and line-breaks.

To fix this, you can put the <code> element inside a <pre> element:

Example

<pre>
<code>
x = 5;
y = 6;
z = x + y;
</code>
</pre>

Result:

x = 5;
y = 6;
z = x + y;

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HTML <var> For Variables

The HTML <var> element  is used to define a variable in programming or in a mathematical expression. The content inside is typically displayed in italic.

Example

Define some text as variables in a document:

<p>The area of a triangle is: 1/2 x <var>b</var> x <var>h</var>, where <var>b</var> is the base, and <var>h</var> is the vertical height.</p>

Result:

The area of a triangle is: 1/2 x b x h, where b is the base, and h is the vertical height.

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Chapter Summary

• The <kbd> element defines keyboard input
• The <samp> element defines sample output from a computer program
• The <code> element defines a piece of computer code
• The <var> element defines a variable in programming or in a mathematical expression
• The <pre> element defines preformatted text

 

HTML Computer Code Elements

Tag	Description
<code>	Defines programming code
<kbd>	Defines keyboard input
<samp>	Defines computer output
<var>	Defines a variable
<pre>	Defines preformatted text